BIBLIOGRAFIA
SINDROME METABOLICA

  • Alberti KG Harmonizing the metabolic syn-drome: a joint interim statement of the Interna-tional Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epide-miology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Athero-sclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation. 2009 Oct 20;120(16):1640-5. Epub 2009 Oct 5.

  • Alberti KG, Zimmet P, Shaw J, for the IDF Epidemiology Task Force Consensus Group. The metabolic syndrome – a new worldwide definition. Lancet 2005; 366: 1059-62.

  • Alberti KGMM, Zimmet P, Shaw J: Metabolic syndrome- a new world-wide definition. A consensus Statement from the International diabetes Federation. Diabetic Medicine 2006; 23: 469-80.

  • Alexander CM, Landsman PB, Teutsch SM, Haffner SM. NCEP-defined metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and prevalence of coronary heart disease among NHANES III participants age 50 years and older. Diabetes 2003; 52: 1210-4.

  • American Diabetes Association. Screening for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004; 27: s11-s14.

  • Avogaro P, Crepaldi G. Essential Hyperlipemia, obesità and diabetes. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the European Association for the study of Diabetes. Montecatini Terme 1965, Abs n.53.

  • Balkau B, Shipley M, Jarrett RJ, Pyorala K, Pyorala M, Forhan A, Eschwege E. High blood glucose concentration is a risk factor for mortality in middle-aged nondiabetic men: 20-year follow-up in the Whitehall Study, the Paris Prospective Study, and the Helsinki Policemen Study. Diabetes Care 1998; 21:360–7.

  • Bansilal S, Farkouh ME, Fuster V. Role of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia in the development of atherosclerosis. Am J Cardiol 2007; 99: 6B- 14B.

  • Bjornholt JV, Erikssen G, Aaser E, Sandvik L, Nitter-Hauge S, Jervell J, Erikssen J, Thaulow E. Fasting blood glucose: an underestimated risk factor or cardiovascular death: results from a 22-year follow-up of healthy nondiabetic men. Diabetes Care1999; 22: 45–9.

  • Boden G, Chen X, DeSantis RA, Kendrick Z. Effects of age and body fat on insulin resistance in healthy men. Diabetes Care 1993;16:765-71.

  • Bonadonna RC, Del Prato S, Saccomani MP, et al. Transmembrane glucose transport in skeletal muscle of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. J Clin Invest. 1993; 92: 486-94.

  • Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL Jr, et al. Joint National Committee on Prevention,Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee. Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2003;42:1206-52.

  • Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee onPrevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA 2003; 289: 2560.

  • Chrousos GP, Gold PW. The concepts of stress and stress system disorders. Overview of physical and behavioral homeostasis. JAMA 1992; 267: 1244-52.

  • Coutinho M, Gerstein HC, Wang Y, Yusuf S. The relationship between glucose and incident cardio-vascular events: a metaregression analysis of published data from 20 studies of 95,783 individuals followed for 124 years. Diabetes Care 1999; 22:233-40.

  • Dagogo-Jack S. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in pre-diabetes: the glass is half full and half empty. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 971-2.

  • Daskalopoulou SS, Mikhailidis DP, Elisaf M: Prevention and tretment of the metabolic syndrome. Angiology 2004; 55: 589-612.

  • Deen D. Metabolic Syndrome: Time for Action. Am FamPhysician 2004;69:2875- 82.

  • DeFronzo RA, Ferrannini E. Insulin resistance. A multifaceted syndrome responsabile for NIDDM, obesità, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Diabetes care 1991; 14: 173-94.

  • Del Toma E. La dieta si fa contando i passi. Meno diete, più movimento. Roma: Il Pensiero Scientifico Editore 2004.

  • Di Bari M, Marchionni N, Ferrucci L, Pini R, Antonini E, Chiarlone M, et al. Heart failure in community-dwelling older persons: aims, design and adherence rate of the ICARe Dicomano project: an epidemiologic study. Insufficienza Cardiaca negli Anziani Residenti a Dicomano. J Am Geriatr Soc 1999;47:664-71.

  • Di Nardo F, Casagrande F, Boemi M, Fumelli P, Morosini P, Burattini R. Insulin resistance in hyperension quantified by oral glucose tolerance test:comparison of methods. Metabolism (in corso di pubblicazione).

  • Dunbar RL, Rader DJ. Slaying the metabolic syndrome. Are we battling the Hydra or the Chimera? Minerva Endocrinol 2004;29:89-111.

  • Duncan GE, Perri MG, Theriaque DW, Hutson AD, Eckel RH, Stacpoole PW. Exercise training, without weight loss, increases insulin sensitivity and postheparin plasma lipase activity in previously sedentary adults. Diabetes Care 2003;26:557 62.

  • Eckel RH, Krauss RM. American Heart Asoociation call to action: obesity as a major risk factor for coronary heart disease. AHA Nutrition Committee Circulation

  • Egan BM. Insulin resistance and the sympathetic nervous system. Curr Hypertens Rep 2003;5:247-54.

  • El-Atat FA, Stas SN, McFarlane SI, Sowers JR. The relationship between hyperinsulinemia, hypertension and progressive renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004; 15: 2816-27.

  • Ferrannini E, Natali A, Capaldo B, Lehtovirta M, Jacob S, Yki-Jarvinen H. Insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and blood pressure: role of age and obesity. European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR). Hypertension 1997;30:1144-9.

  • Ferrannini E. Metabolic Syndrome: a solution in search of a problem. JCEM 2007; 92: 396-8.

  • Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among U.S. adults: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA 2002;287:356-9.

  • Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults. Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA 2002; 287: 356-9.

  • Ford ES, Giles WH. A comparison of the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome using two proposed definitions. Diabetes Care 2003;26:575-81.

  • Ford ES, Kohl HW, III, Mokdad AH, Ajani UA. Sedentary behavior, physical activity, and the metabolic syndrome among US. Adults Obesity Research 2005; 13: 608-14.

  • Fulop T, Tessier D, Carpentier A. The metabolic syndrome. Pathol Biol 2006; 54: 375-86.

  • Fumeron F, Lamri A, Abi Khalil C, Jaziri R, Porchay-Baldérelli I, Lantieri O, Vol S, Balkau B, Marre M; Data from the Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome (DESIR) Study Group. Dairy consumption and the incidence of hyperglycemia and the meta-bolic syndrome: results from a french prospective study, Data from the Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome (DESIR). Diabetes Care. 2011 Apr;34(4):813-7.

  • Gastaldelli A, Baldi S, Pettiti M, et al. Influence of obesity and type 2 diabetes on gluconeogenesis and glucose output in humans: a quantitative study. Diabetes 2000; 49: 1367- 73.

  • Gastaldelli A, Sironi AM, Ciociaro D, et al. Visceral fat and beta cell function in non-diabetic humans. Diabetologia 2005; 48:2090-6.

  • Goldstein DJ: Beneficial health effects of modest weight loss. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1992; 16: 397-415.

  • Gregg EW, Cauley JA, Stone K, Thompson TJ, Bauer DC, Cummings SR, et al. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Relationship of changes in physiscal activity and mortality among older women. JAMA 2003;289:2379-86.

  • Grundy SM, Brewer B, Cleeman JI, Smith S, Lenfant C. Definition of metabolic syndrome: Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association Conference on Scientific Issues Related to Definition. Circulation 2004;109:433-8.

  • Grundy SM. Hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, and the metabolic syndrome. Am J Cardiol 1999; 83: 25F-29F.

  • Grundy SM. Metabolic Syndrome: a Multiplex Cardiovascular Risk factor. JCEM 2007; 92: 399-404.

  • Hawkins MA. Markers of increased cardiovascular risk: are we measuring the most appropriate parameters? Obesity Research 2004; 12: 107S-114S.

  • Hotamisligil GS. Inflammation and metabolic disorders. Nature 2006; 444: 860-7.

  • Jimenez MV, Estepa RM, Camacho RM et al. Endothelial dysfunction is related to insulin resistance and inflammatory biomarker levels in obese prepubertal children. Eur J Endocrinol 2007; 156: 497-502.

  • Kahn R, Buse J, Ferrannini E, Stern M. The Metabolic syndrome: time for a critical appraisal. Joint statemente from the American Diabetes association and the European association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 2289-304.

  • Kanauchi M, Kanauchi K, Hashimoto T, Saito Y. Metabolic syndrome and new category ‘pre-hypertension’in a Japanese population. Current Medical Res Opin 2004;20:1365-70.

  • Kaplan NM. The deadly quartet. Upper-body obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension. Arch Intern Med 1989; 149: 1514-20.

  • Klisic J, Hu MC, Nief V, Reyes L, Fuster D, Moe OW, et al. Insulin activates Na+/H+ exchanger 3. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2002;283:F532-9.

  • Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, Lachin JM, Walker EA, et al. Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 2002;346:393-403.

  • Kralisch S, Klein J, Lossner U, et al. Hormonal regulation of the novel adipocytokine visfatin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Endocrinol 2005; 185: R1-8.

  • Laakso M, Kovanen PT. Metabolic syndrome: to be or not to be? Ann Med 2006; 38:32-3.

  • Licata G, Scaglione R, Corrao S, Ganguzza A, Mazzola G, Arnone S, et al. Heredity and obesità-associated hypertension: impact of the hormonal characteristics and left ventricular mass. J Hypertens 1995;13:611-8.

  • Liese AD, Mayer-Davis EJ, Haffner SM. Development of the multiple metabolic syndrome: an epidemiologic perspective. Epidemiol Rev 1998;20:157-72.

  • Liu S, Choi HK, Ford E, Song Y, Klevak A, Buring JE, Manson JE.A prospective study of dairy intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Diabetes Care. 2006 Jul;29(7):1579-84.

  • Lopez-Candales A. Metabolic Syndrome X: a comprehensive review of the pathophysiology and recommended therapy. J Med 2001;32:283-300.

  • Lyon CJ, Law RE, Hsueh WA. Minireview: adiposity, inflammation, and atherogenesis. Endocrinology 2003; 144: 2195-200.

  • Magliano DJ, Shaw JE, Zimmet PZ. How to best define the metabolic syndrome. Ann Med 2006; 38: 34-41.

  • Masotti G, Mannucci E, Monami M Lambertucci L, Ungar A. Ipertensione e Sindrome metabolica nell’anziano. G Gerontol 2003;51:256-63.

  • Matsuda M, DeFronzo RA. Insulin sensitivity indices obtained from oral glucose tolerance testing: comparison with the euglycemic insulin clamp. Diabetes Care 1999; 22: 1462-70.

  • Mottillo S, Filion KB, Genest J, Joseph L, Pilote L, Poirier P, Rinfret S, Schiffrin EL, Eisenberg MJ.The metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010 Sep 28;56(14):1113-32.

  • National Institutes of Health. Third report of the national cholesterol education program expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Bethesda: National Institutes of Health; 2001. NIH Publication 01-3670.

  • Ng MCY, So WY, Lam VKL, Cockram CS, Bell GI, Cox NJ, Chan JCN. Genome-wide scan for metabolic syndrome and related quantitative traits in Hong Kong Chinese and confirmation of a susceptibility locus on chromosome 1q21-q25. Diabetes 2004; 53:2676-83.

  • Orchard TJ, Temprosa M, Goldberg R, Haffner S, Ratner R, Marcovina S, Fowler S, for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. The effect of metformin and intensive lifestyle intervention on the metabolic syndrome: the diabetes prevention program randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2005; 142: 611-9.

  • Park YW, Zhu S, Palaniappan L, Heshka S, Carnethon MR, Heymsfield SB. The metabolic syndrome: Prevalence and associated risk factor findings in the US population from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:427-36.

  • Park YW, Zhu S, Palaniappan L, Heshka S, Carnethon MR, Heymsfield SB. The metabolic syndrome: prevalence and associated risk factor findings in the US population from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arch Intern Med2003; 163: 427-36.

  • Rask E, Olsson T, Soderberg S, et al. Tissue-specific dysregulation of cortisol metabolism in human obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86:1418-21.

  • Reaven GM. Banting Lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes 1988;37:1595-607.

  • Reaven GM. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes 1988; 37: 1595-607.

  • Sandeep TC, Walker BR. Pathophysiology of modulation of local glucocorticoid levels by 11betahydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2001; 12: 446-53.

  • Sinaiko AR, Steinberger J, Moran A, Prineas RJ,Vessby B, Basu S, et al. Relation of body mass index and insulin resistance to cardiovascular risk factors, inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress during adolescence. Circulation 2005; 111: 1985-91.

  • Stalenhoef AF, Ballantyne CM, Sarti Cl. A comparative study with rosuvastatin in subjects with metabolic syndrome: rationale and design of the COMETS study abstr). Diabetes Metab 2003;29(Suppl):4S.

  • Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III): final report. Circulation 2002; 106: 3143-421.

  • Tong X, Dong JY, Wu ZW, Li W, Qin LQ. Dairy consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2011 Sep;65(9):1027-31.

  • Vidal J. Updated review on the benefits of weight loss. Int J Obes 2002; 26, Suppl 4: S25-28.

  • Virtanen KA, Iozzo P, Hallsten K, et al. Increased fat mass compensates for insulin resistance in abdominal obesity and type 2 diabetes: a positron-emitting

  • Wagh A, Stone NJ. Treatment of metabolic syndrome. Export Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2004; 2: 213-28.

  • World Health Organization. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications: report of a WHO Consultation. Part I: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization 1999, pp. 31-33.